Paper 2 Essay

1. How can we explain the continued interest in a particular work in different contexts and at different times?

The different events in human history, create what we are nowadays. All the events that have passed  have importance in the result of what human are or in the society in which we live. We know what have passed because we read our history in books, but also by reading novels, we can understand or learn more about the historical events of different times, highlighting the social context in which novels are written, and the stories takes place. This is the reason why people is interested in works (novels in this case) that are in different context and at different times, and also its important to highlight that people its always going to be interested in know why we are now how we are, in other words, the reasons that molded a society in what its nowadays.

I can show 2 different examples about novels of different times ('30 - '40) that people still read them, because those novels represent a very interesting element in human history, and as I said before, because those events, we live how we live nowadays, maybe with no discrimination, in peace, etc.

The first novel is 'To kill a mockingbird' of Harper Lee published in 1960. The story is about what the author lived during her childhood, but he represent his childhood, by using different characters. The story takes place in a unreal town called Maycomb, Alabama. The important element of this novel is the historical context in which the history is narrated. 1930' were very difficult days in EEUU because of the Great Depression that take place in 1929. Also the society was very racist (especially people from Alabama) so black people was discriminated, something that nowadays we consider stupid and reprehensible. Some of the main events of the story is Tom Robinson's trial, in which a white man, called Atticus Finch defended a black man (Robinson). Atticus was very criticized by people, because they didn't accept that a white man was in the side of a black man. Nowadays when we read this it may be considered like something with no reason, but racism was something that characterized those times, and was considered like something maybe logic and normal, very different with our reality.

The other novel is 'Fatelessness' by Imre Kertesz published in 1975. This novel also is autobiographical, because the author wrote his own experiences by creating a character, in this case, called Georg Koves, who was send to Auschwitz and Buchenwald (concentration camps), and the novel narrates the experience of this 14 years old boy in this dreadful places. The story takes place during the Holocaust, that was the persecution of the jewish people in Europe during the Second World War. The things that Germans did in the concentration camps are consider one of the worst acts of humanity in humans history. Thousand of jewish people die during the 6 years of war, in this concentration camps, as in the novel are described, were like being in the hell, with hard working routines, poor diet (no food), bad conditions (illness), etc. And the sensation, that in any moment you can be send to a gas camera to die suffocated. This is also a very important moment in human history, as I said, one of the worst of humanity.

The thing is that this events, make people reflect and thing 'why we are doing this?', 'It's good what we are doing?' and many questions that open peoples mind and make them understand that humans can be like that, so its important to don't repeat this act and learn about them, and that the reason, again, of what nowadays we don't see people chasing jewish or discriminating someone because this color of the skin. Because of the reflection and the change is why nowadays, in many cases, peace is something that is around us.

In conclusion, this novels are an important piece of human history, because they are contextualized in important events of human life, such us the Great Depression (and racism society) and the Holocaust in the Second World War. 2 different event that doesn't make us feel proud of what we have make us human to our brothers, but because of those 2 events, nowadays we doesn't repeat the same mistakes that we have make in the past. So, that's the reason of why people still read those novel that are contextualized 70-80 years ago, because those text represent and important moment of human history that its always important to take in consideration, and know about them.

Abraham Lincoln Speech

In this speech Lincoln chose very interesting words, that makes feel the reader, like a friend or someone very close to him. First of all it refers to the receptor as 'My friends'. By refering to someone as a friend, you immediatly show certain relation to him, so, Abraham Lincoln is trying to be close to everybody that is listening to his speech. Also he said 'here I have lived a quarter of century', this also reinforce the intent of being close to the people, in a way trying to say, I'm one of yours, I'm from here as you. All these are persuative skills used very well by Linconl. 

Register

How would you describe the register of the following statements?

• “Honoured guests, members of the board, Superintendent Johnson, and most importantly, graduates of the class of 2012, it is an honour to speak to you on this ocassion.” Formal
• “While I was pleasantly surprised by the menu selections for dinner service, I was disheartened by the lukewarm eggs at breakfast.” Formal
• “Yeah, right” Casual
• “I doubt it” Consultative
• “I’m tired of your rubbish” Intimate
• “I’m tired” Consultative

Idioms and Ambiguity

Meaning can often be complicated through the use of metaphors, idioms, or simply through ambiguous relationships between words. What are the actual meanings of the first two idioms below? What are the possible meanings of the next ambiguous sentences?

• Bite your tongue: literally bite someone / shut up.
• Pull my leg: my leg / play a joke to someone.
• He is my English teacher: he is my english teacher/someone may thing, that he come from England (ambiguity) /He correct everything about English.
• I saw the person with a telescope: you saw someone with a telescope or you use the telescope to saw someone.
• She doesn’t like short men or women: Ambiguity, she doesn't like short men or women. Or the other meaning that she doesn't like short men or all women.

Truth assumptions

Truth Assumptions

Are the following statements factive or non-factive?

• I thought that today was your birthday.  Non-factive
• I forgot that today was your birthday. Factive 
• The teacher scolded me for not studying hard enough. Factive
• The teacher acknowledged that I hadn’t really studied. Factive
• The teacher realized the student had cheated. Factive
• The teacher assumed that the student had cheated. Non-factive

The Kraken by Alfred Lord Tennyson

The Kraken

Below the thunders of the upper deep,
Far far beneath in the abysmal sea,
His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep
The Kraken sleepeth: faintest sunlights flee
About his shadowy sides: above him swell
Huge sponges of millennial growth and height; 
And far away into the sickly light,
From many a wondrous grot and secret cell
Unnumbered and enormous polypi
Winnow with giant fins the slumbering green.
There hath he lain for ages and will lie
Battening upon huge seaworms in his sleep,
Until the latter fire shall heat the deep; 
Then once by men and angels to be seen,
In roaring he shall rise and on the surface die

T: I think that the title refers to the monster of the sea that I have seen in some movies.

P: It tells us about the Kraken: characteristics, how does it lives very deep under the sea, that the monster is alone.

C: By the figurative language we can say that the Kraken is alone and is considered by the people as something bad, like a monster. Its very literal in the description of the Kraken, describing his characteristics and his 'routine'. In the poem they are some literary devices such as metaphors, like the one that is in the first verse.

A: Mysterious, is like telling the legend of a ancient creature that live very deep in the see, were no one else can go, so no one really knows about this creature (except the speaker) so its a very mysterious theme.

S: The tone is the same during the whole poem, by a constant use of imagery.

T: The title is very literal, I mean, the poem is about the Kraken.

T: As I said before, the poem is about the mysterious creature called Kraken and the characteristics of this creature.

Activity 8.6 page 206

Extract 1

1) It use the word 'as' to compare (simile) 'stedfast as thou art'.

2) The star is something figurative, maybe it refers to something that its far away and he want to have it.

3) He wants something and he is constantly watching what he wants.

Extract 2

1) Simile: 'as men strive for right' and 'as they turn from praise'.

2) The literal term is love.

3) In the 2 similies its expressed the way he loves her.

Extract 3

1) There are some metaphors, for example: 'Grave men'.

2) The literal term is that the grave men are near to death.

3) To be calm during bad moments.

Extract 4

1) Metaphor: 'I have spread my dreams under your feet'.

2) He might be dreaming with her.

3) Love. He would do everything to make her feel confortable.

Extract 5

1) 'Beauty is a fat black woman'. (metaphor).

2) It refers figuratively to the beauty of a black woman who is walking in the fields.

3) She might enjoy the life, whatever she looks like, because how we look physically isn't the most important, people is worth by what they have inside.